Fig. 3.

TBK1-mediated signaling pathways. TBK1 activation is stimulated by pathogenic infections and inflammatory cytokines via corresponding receptors bridged by adaptor partners. In addition, activated K-RAS also activates TBK1 in tumor cells. Active TBK1 promotes anti-pathogen immunity and inflammatory cytokine production by stimulating IRF3/7-IFN, NF-κB, NFATc1 and STAT3/6 pathways, cellular proliferation and survival by inducing the AKT-mTOR and PLK1/CEP170 mitotic pathways, as well as mitochondrial and insulin metabolism by inducing autophagy and insulin receptor signaling