Table 3.
Oaxaca-type decomposition of changes in ADL and IADL inequalities between 2008 and 2018
| Predictor | ADL | IADL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distributional change (Δc*ηkt) | Elasticity change (Δη*ckt-1) | Contribution to change(%) | Distributional change (Δc*ηkt) | Elasticity change (Δη*ckt-1) | Contribution to change(%) | |
| Sex (Ref. = Male) | ||||||
| Female | −0.0001 | − 0.0001 | 2.23 | − 0.0002 | −0.0001 | 2.41 |
| Age (Ref. = ≤80 years) | ||||||
| >80 | 0.0004 | −0.0001 | −5.48 | 0.0011 | 0.0001 | −9.72 |
| Marital status (Ref. = Others) | ||||||
| Living with spouse | −0.0001 | −0.0004 | 9.06 | −0.0001 | − 0.0004 | 5.04 |
| Self-rated economic status (Ref. = Very poor) | ||||||
| Poor | 0.0003 | −0.0023 | 36.25 | 0.0002 | − 0.0034 | 27.84 |
| Fair | 0.0114 | −0.0015 | −176.43 | 0.0079 | 0.0003 | −70.84 |
| Rich | 0.0019 | −0.0126 | 191.07 | 0.0016 | −0.0044 | 24.56 |
| Very rich | 0.0001 | −0.0019 | 32.76 | 0.0001 | −0.0007 | 5.74 |
| Years of schooling (ref. = 0) | ||||||
| 1–5 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | −2.91 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | −2.83 |
| ≥ 6 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | −1.45 | 0.0003 | −0.0003 | −0.33 |
| Occupation (Ref. = Others) | ||||||
| Agriculture | 0.0001 | −0.0006 | 10.02 | 0.0001 | −0.0016 | 14.16 |
| Regular exercise (Ref. = Yes) | ||||||
| No | −0.0007 | −0.0032 | 68.74 | −0.0019 | − 0.0041 | 52.29 |
| Chronic disease (Ref. = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | −13.57 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | −7.57 |
| Residency (Ref. = Urban) | ||||||
| Rural | 0.0001 | 0.0044 | −81.53 | 0.0001 | 0.0057 | −50.90 |
| Community support services (Ref. = 0) | ||||||
| ≥ 1 | 0.0001 | −0.0001 | 1.19 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | −0.28 |
| Social security program enrolment (Ref. = 0) | ||||||
| 1 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | −10.90 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | −5.14 |
| ≥ 2 | 0.0011 | −0.0017 | 11.04 | 0.0015 | −0.0019 | 3.32 |
| Living arrangements (Ref. = With family members) | ||||||
| Alone | 0.0008 | −0.0016 | 15.29 | 0.0003 | −0.0005 | 1.89 |
| In an institution | 0.0012 | 0.0002 | −26.08 | 0.0017 | 0.0007 | −20.47 |
| Household members (Ref. = 0) | ||||||
| 1–2 | 0.0004 | 0.0004 | −14.63 | 0.0006 | 0.0005 | −9.10 |
| ≥ 3 | −0.0016 | 0.0013 | 5.07 | −0.0022 | 0.0015 | 6.13 |
| Access to medical care (Ref. = Yes) | ||||||
| No | 0.0025 | −0.0024 | −2.23 | 0.0017 | −0.0013 | −3.69 |
| Out-of-pocket payment ratio (%) for medical bills | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | −0.25 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | −0.01 |
| Per capita income | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.01 |
| Skilled health workers per 1000 people | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | −3.53 | 0.0001 | 0.0006 | −6.02 |
| Hospital beds per 1000 people | 0.0004 | −0.0003 | −2.82 | 0.0003 | −0.0003 | 0.05 |