Fig. 8.

schematic overview. Schematic overview of functional interactions between B cells, PC, T cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. B cells can enhance T cell responses by producing IL-2, IL-4 and other cytokines. Meanwhile, it can be differentiated into PC, which produces antibodies against tumor-associated antigens and triggers antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. It also supports tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to take up tumor antigens and polarize M1 type to exert phagocytosis. Tumor induces the formation of M2 macrophages, which can increase the expression of tumor cells S100A9, further enhance M2 polarization and recruit M2 macrophages. It can also reduce the expression of TNFRSF11B and enhance the migration ability of tumors. Meanwhile, it can reduce the expression of CD79B, a component of the BCR complex, and weaken the immune function of B cells