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. 2022 Apr 9:1–32. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20024-4

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Green supply chain management (GSCM) refers to incorporating environmental considerations into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing, final product delivery, and product end-of-life management. This figure describes the application of GSCM within IR 4.0