Table 2.
Overall Characteristics of eHealth-mediated Self-management Support Interventionsa
| Variable | Intervention Count (n = 63) |
|---|---|
| eHealth-modality type | |
| Internet based | 22 |
| Telephone based | 15 |
| Mobile phone application | 8 |
| Internet based with telephone support | 8 |
| Interactive voice response | 3 |
| Video teleconferencing | 2 |
| Mobile phone application with telephone support | 1 |
| Interactive voice response with telephone support | 1 |
| Internet based with video conferencing | 1 |
| Interactive voice response with telephone support and internet based | 1 |
| Virtual reality | 1 |
| Format | |
| Mixture of face-to-face and eHealth | 35 |
| eHealth only | 28 |
| Components of the interventions mapped to PRISMS taxonomy | |
| Adherence support and lifestyle interventions | 59 |
| Information provision and patient education | 58 |
| Remote monitoring with feedback and action plans | 53 |
| Training and rehearsal of psychological strategies | 41 |
| eHealth-facilitated clinical review | 42 |
| Interventions that contained all 5 PRISMS taxonomy components | 23 |
| Interventions contained ≤2 PRISMS taxonomy components | 2 |
| Type of provider | |
| Multiple | 17 |
| Psychologist/graduate psychology students | 12 |
| N/A, eHealth modality fully automated | 12 |
| Otherb | 10 |
| Physical therapist | 9 |
| Nurse | 2 |
| Health coach | 1 |
| Location of intervention | |
| Multiple | 34 |
| Individual’s home | 28 |
| Outpatient | 1 |
| Frequency | |
| Mixed | 29 |
| Weekly | 18 |
| More than once per week | 5 |
| Daily | 5 |
| Unstructured, degree of frequency not specified | 3 |
| Monthly | 2 |
| More than once per day | 1 |
| Duration | |
| 6–8 wk | 18 |
| 9–20 wk | 16 |
| 6 mo–1 y | 14 |
| 3 wk–5 wk | 7 |
| Mixed | 5 |
| 2 y | 1 |
| One-time access | 1 |
| Unspecified | 1 |
| Follow-up | |
| None | 29 |
| 1–5 mo | 13 |
| 11–12 mo | 11 |
| 6–9 mo | 10 |
| Intervention development | |
| Use of framework/theory | 48 |
| Co-designed with individual | 14 |
a N/A = not applicable; PRISMS = Practical Review in Self-Management Support.
b Indicates other providers, that is, health counselor, facilitator, psychiatrist, physical therapist, research staff, exercise physiologist, orthopedic specialist, and/or physician.