Table 3.

Summary of Quantitative Study Outcomes^a

Common Outcomes	Description	No. of Studies	No. of Studies in Which Outcome Improved
Body functions	Pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, depression, sleep, self-efficacy	67	30
Activities and participation	Stress management, walking, function, employment	65	38
Environmental factors	Medication, health care utilization	17	7

^a Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.