Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants across BDBP hospital sites (n = 306)
| Category | Variable | TOTAL n = 306 | MRHT (Pre-pandemic) n = 41 | UHL (Containment) n = 57 | SVUH (Level 2) n = 77 | SJUH (Level 5) n = 67 | UHK (Level 3) n = 64 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 50% | 59% | 42% | 53% | 48% | 50% | 0.545 |
| Male | 50% | 42% | 58% | 47% | 52% | 50% | ||
| Age | Median, IQR | 52, 35–69 | 61, 49–74 | 52, 32–67 | 55, 37–72 | 47, 30–69 | 45, 34–65 | 0.05 |
| Range | 18–100 | 24–91 | 18–91 | 18–92 | 19–88 | 19–100 | ||
| Age Category | 18-39y | 34% | 20% | 37% | 29% | 42% | 39% | 0.061 |
| 40-64y | 35% | 37% | 37% | 36% | 31% | 36% | ||
| 65y + | 31% | 44% | 26% | 35% | 27% | 25% | ||
| Civil Status | Partner/Married | 60% | 64% | 55% | 68% | 52% | 58% | 0.216 |
| Separated/Divorced | 7% | 5% | 7% | 3% | 13% | 6% | ||
| Widowed | 8% | 13% | 4% | 9% | 10% | 6% | ||
| Single | 25% | 18% | 34% | 20% | 24% | 30% | ||
| Residential Status | Partner | 51% | 64% | 46% | 58% | 46% | 42% | 0.372 |
| Family | 25% | 21% | 25% | 22% | 30% | 25% | ||
| Lives Alone | 17% | 13% | 16% | 12% | 19% | 25% | ||
| Other e.g. co-share | 7% | 1% | 13% | 8% | 5% | 8% | ||
| Principal Status | Employee | 39% | 30% | 42% | 40% | 40% | 41% | 0.197 |
| Self-employed | 8% | 5% | 7% | 12% | 9% | 6% | ||
| Family Carer | 8% | 18% | 9% | 4% | 3% | 11% | ||
| Retired | 31% | 43% | 25% | 36% | 27% | 30% | ||
| Unemployed | 9% | 3% | 12% | 4% | 16% | 8% | ||
| Student | 5% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 5% | ||
| Education | No formal education | 2% | 0% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 5% | 0.121 |
| Primary | ,11% | 15% | 13% | 12% | 9% | 8% | ||
| Secondary | 44% | 53% | 48% | 32% | 50% | 41% | ||
| Technical/Vocational | 16% | 23% | 13% | 15% | 14% | 19% | ||
| Third Level | 28% | 10% | 25% | 40% | 27% | 28% | ||
| Socioeconomic Status | Affluent | 16% | 0% | 0% | 43% | 17% | 0% | 0.001 |
| Above Average | 34% | 29% | 45% | 39% | 26% | 27% | ||
| Below Average | 41% | 72% | 32% | 18% | 35% | 73% | ||
| Disadvantaged | 9% | 0% | 21% | 0% | 22% | 0% | ||
| Very Disadvantaged | 1% | 0% | 2% | 0% | 0% | 0% | ||
| Healthcare Coverage | Public—No Cover | 2% | 0% | 0% | 3% | 4% | 0% | 0.05 |
| Public—Medical Card | 56% | 56% | 61% | 36% | 61% | 67% | ||
| Private Insurance | 43% | 44% | 39% | 61% | 35% | 33% | ||
| Distance to GP | Median (IQR) | 3, 1–7 | 5, 2–10 | 3, 1–7 | 2, 1–6 | 2, 1–5 | 5, 3–7 | 0.01 |
| Range | 0–100 | 0–40 | 1–30 | 1–100 | 1–20 | 1–42 | ||
| < 5 km | 58% | 46% | 61% | 68% | 66% | 42% | ||
| < 10 km | 25% | 27% | 18% | 17% | 21% | 43% | ||
| < 15 km | 10% | 20% | 14% | 4% | 8% | 7% | ||
| ≥ 15 km | 8% | 7% | 7% | 11% | 5% | 8% | ||
| Distance to ED | Median (IQR) | 15, 5–30 | 26, 11–40 | 21, 5–31 | 10, 5–30 | 7, 3–15 | 25,16–32 | 0.001 |
| Range | 1–160 | 2–64 | 1–70 | 1–160 | 1–70 | 1–70 | ||
| < 10 km | 38% | 15% | 33% | 44% | 64% | 21% | ||
| < 25 km | 26% | 32% | 21% | 29% | 27% | 24% | ||
| < 50 km | 27% | 44% | 35% | 12% | 5% | 52% | ||
| ≥ 50 km | 9% | 10% | 11% | 16% | 5% | 3% | ||
| Mode of Transport to ED | Ambulance | 19% | 5% | 21% | 25% | 17% | 21% | 0.001 |
| Private Car | 67% | 93% | 65% | 66% | 48% | 71% | ||
| Public Transport | 11% | 2% | 9% | 7% | 32% | 3% | ||
| Walk | 3% | 0% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 5% |
aInterquartile Range (IQR) 25th- 75th percentile. P-value from Chi2-tests for categorical variables and from Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables