Figure 10.

Transcriptomic analysis of human drNPC-O2 reveals significant increase in neuronal differentiation, maturation, and synaptic transmission by ILP/ISP treatment in the injured spinal cord. A, Volcano plot illustrates differentially expressed genes at 14 weeks after transplantation (FDR < 0.05, Benjamini–Hochberg, two-sided; fold change > 2). B, Gene Ontology analysis for cellular components using R language program identifies significantly upregulated and downregulated genes in transplanted drNPC-O2 after ILP/ISP co-treatment. These analyses showed that cellular components related to neurogenesis and synapse formation were upregulated by blocking LAR and PTPσ receptors. C, Gene Ontology analysis for biological processes on human-exclusive transcripts indicated upregulation in biological processes related to neural regeneration and functional improvement with ILP/ISP treatment. D, Gene Ontology analysis for functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes suggests blocking LAR and PTPσ receptors upregulates genes related to neuronal transmission and function. E, KEGG pathway analysis of human-exclusive transcripts indicated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is upregulated by inhibiting LAR and PTPσ receptors. Fisher's exact test, FDR < 0.05, N = 3 animals per group.