Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants and Variables Associated With High Peak Antibody Titers
| Characteristic or Variable | Participants, No. (%)a | Coefficient for Association With Increased S Antibody Titers (P Value) |
|---|---|---|
| All study recruits, no. | 3679 | … |
| Seropositive participants with ≥2 samples | 349 (100) | … |
| Monthly samples, total no. | 1163 | … |
| Age, y | ||
| 18–30 | 82 (24) | Reference |
| 30–40 | 109 (31) | −0.27 (.2) |
| 40–50 | 83 (24) | −0.15 (.5) |
| 50–60 | 56 (16) | 0.09 (.74) |
| 60–70 | 19 (5) | 0.24 (.5) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 259 (80%) | −0.3 (.2) |
| Male | 190 (20) | |
| Profession | ||
| Allied health professionals | 83 (24) | Reference |
| Nurse | 101 (29) | 0.12 (.53) |
| Manager | 1 (<1) | 0.64 (.5) |
| Cleaner, caterer, or porter | 18 (5) | 0.4 (.3) |
| Physician | 49 (14) | −0.18 (.5) |
| Scientist | 5 (1) | 0.23 (.7) |
| Symptoms | ||
| Anosmia/ageusia | 201 (58)/210 (60) | 0.54 (.01)b |
| Cough/shortness of breath/wheezing | 225 (64)/130 (37)/67 (19) | 0.3 (.14) |
| Diarrhea/vomiting/diminished appetite | 77 (22)/24 (7)/32 (9) | 0.3 (.13) |
| Extreme fatigue/myalgia | 199 (57)/225 (64) | −0.08 (.65) |
| Fever/rigors | 175 (50)/27 (8) | 0.37 (.03)b |
| Other | 174 (50) | Reference |
| Symptom severity | ||
| Attended hospital | 11 (3) | … |
| Admitted to hospital | 1 (0.2) | … |
| Any comorbid condition | ||
| Yes | 42 (13) | 0.05 (.8) |
| No | 307 (87) | Reference |
| Symptom duration, mean (IQR), d | 24 (7–27) | 0.0007 (.8) |
| Ethnic background | ||
| BAME | 97 (29) | 0.42 (.02)b |
| Non-BAME | 252 (71) | Reference |
| Body mass index | ||
| 18–25 | 91 | Reference |
| 25–30 | 42 | 0.57 (.03)b |
| 30–40 | 34 | 0.69 (.03)b |
| Missing or unknown | 182 | NA |
Abbreviations: BAME, black, Asian, and minority ethnic; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; S, spike protein.
aData represent no. (%) of participants unless otherwise specified.
bSignificant at P < .05.