Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients without and with PSD at 3 Months
| Parameter | Non-PSD (N=463) 60.3% | PSD (N=305) 39.7% | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | |||
| Age, median (IQR) | 59 (51,66) | 60 (52,66) | 0.878 |
| Female, n (%) | 89 (19.2) | 83 (27.2) | 0.009* |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 24 (22,27) | 24 (22,27) | 0.403 |
| Sleep (<5 h) | 257 (55.5) | 190 (62.3) | 0.062 |
| Education level, n (%) | |||
| Primary school and below | 113 (24.4) | 108 (35.4) | 0.003* |
| Junior middle school | 147 (31.7) | 89 (29.2) | |
| Senior high/Polytechnic school | 117 (25.3) | 73 (23.9) | |
| Bachelor/senior college and above | 86 (18.6) | 35 (11.5) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 218 (47.1) | 127 (41.6) | 0.138 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 208 (44.9) | 127 (41.6) | 0.369 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 200 (43.2) | 98 (32.1) | 0.002* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 278 (60.0) | 184 (60.3) | 0.937 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 130 (28.1) | 86 (28.2) | 0.971 |
| Hyperlipemia, n (%) | 120 (25.9) | 90 (29.5) | 0.275 |
| CHD, n (%) | 43 (9.3) | 39 (12.8) | 0.124 |
| Serum biochemicals | |||
| Fasting C-peptide, median (IQR) | 1.93 (1.08,2.57) | 1.99 (1.42,2.63) | 0.011* |
| ACTH, median (IQR) | 27.30 (13.75,43.50) | 32.80 (19.80,47.80) | 0.001* |
| Cortical, median (IQR) | 12.95 (10.41,15.59) | 13.30 (10.70,16.20) | 0.058 |
| WBC, median (IQR) | 6.54 (5.43,7.98) | 7.06 (5.85,8.75) | 0.001* |
| NEU, median (IQR) | 4.04 (3.25,5.37) | 4.54 (3.45,6.11) | 0.001* |
| IL.1β, median (IQR) | 72.50 (28.05,170.84) | 67.32 (29.42,164.61) | 0.605 |
| IL.6, median (IQR) | 4.34 (1.83,9.86) | 6.01 (2.29,11.66) | 0.016* |
| IL.10, median (IQR) | 9.03 (2.96,23.92) | 9.16 (3.59,26.68) | 0.925 |
| IL.18, median (IQR) | 1993.37 (982.30,4668.82) | 1930.84 (826.86,4608.17) | 0.373 |
| TNF.α, median (IQR) | 39.66 (22.52,58.97) | 39.38 (20.74,58.54) | 0.499 |
| IFN.γ, median (IQR) | 4.50 (1.65,8.54) | 5.37 (2.03,9.72) | 0.072 |
| BDNF, median (IQR) | 3.79 (2.15,8.31) | 3.43 (2.13,6.74) | 0.176 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 2 (1,4) | 4 (2,7) | <0.001* |
| BI, median (IQR) | 100 (75,100) | 80 (40,100) | <0.001* |
| mRS, median (IQR) | 1 (1,3) | 3 (1,4) | <0.001* |
Notes: *Statistically significant at p < 0.05 level, two-sided.
Abbreviations: PSD, post-stroke depression; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; CHD, cronary heart disease, ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; WBC, white blood count; NEU, neutrophil count; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN, interferon; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NIHSS, The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; BI, Barthel Index; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.