Table 2. Student ratings for pre- and post-tests for the control group.

Learning gain	Control Group				t or z	p- value
	Pre		Post
	M	SE	M	SE
Self-administered questionnaires
Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE)	30.86	0.33	30.73	0.33	-0.39	0.70
Empathy Quotient (EQ)
Cognitive Empathy (CE)	9.88	0.33	9.66	0.33	-0.71	0.48
Emotional Reactivity (ER)	10.68	0.31	10.22	0.31	-1.62	0.11
Cognitive task
Visuo-Spatial Perspective Taking (VSPT)
Right	-2.11	1.05	-1.40	0.79	1.02	0.31
Left	-23.06	4.49	-10.99	1.70	3.39	0,0007*
Both	-9.76	1.71	-12.28	2.89	-0.98	0.33
Privileged Knowledge (PK)
Medical stories	3.99	0.16	3.92	0.16	-0.37	0.71
Daiy stories	3.45	0.20	3.40	0.20	-0.21	0.83
Pain intensity
Pen pictures	1.15	0.12	1.06	0.12	-0.62	0.53
Needle pictures	2.90	0.19	2.90	0.20	0.01	0.99