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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2022 Feb 2;122(6):5977–6039. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00750

Figure 20: Biomaterials that can directly bind and activate STING.

Figure 20:

(A) Relative IFNB1 and CXCL10 mRNA levels over time in THP1 cells treated with 2′3′-cGAMP or the synthetic diblock copolymer, PC7A, along with the chemical structure of PC7A. Reproduced with permission from reference164. Copyright © 2021 Springer Nature BV; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (B) PC7A led to sustained TBK1/IRF3 phosphorylation and slower STING degradation compared to 2′3′-cGAMP in THP1 cells. Reproduced with permission from reference164. Copyright © 2021 Springer Nature BV; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (C) Schematic of STING oligomerization and the uncharacteristic immunostimulatory condensation (i.e. unlike that of the natural STING phase-separator, which negatively regulates STING-driven gene expression146) induced by PC7A. Reproduced with permission from reference164. Copyright © 2021 Springer Nature BV; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (D) Schematic of mRNA-encapsulating LNPs incorporating STING-activating ionizable lipidoids. A18 was selected as the lead cyclic lipid candidate. Reproduced with permission from reference515. Copyright © 2019 Springer Nature BV; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.