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. 2022 Apr 10;103(7):1448–1465.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.011
Risk of bias of a study
High risk of bias For a study graded as high in at least two domains
Moderate risk of bias For a study graded as moderate in at least one domain, and rated as low in other domains
Low risk of bias For a study graded as low in all six domains

Level of evidence of PA-related outcome measures
Strong evidence Pooled results from two or more studies, at least two of them have high quality; or consistent narrative findings in multiple studies with high-quality
Moderate evidence Significant pooled results from multiple statistically heterogeneous studies, at least one of them has high quality; or consistent findings from multiple studies with at least one high quality study
Limited evidence Findings from a high-quality study, or consistent findings from multiple moderate- or low-quality studies
Very limited evidence Findings from one moderate- or low-quality study
Conflicting evidence Inconsistent findings