| GRADE factors |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | Number of studies | Number of cohorts | Univariate | Phase | Study limitations | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Moderate/large effect size | Dose effect | Overall quality | |||
| Potential outcomes identified | + | 0 | - | ||||||||||||
| Lockdown | |||||||||||||||
| MET-minute per week | 2,617 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | X | + | ||
| Duration of PA | 6,118 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | + | ||
| Duration of light PA | 2,338 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | N/A | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | + | ||
| Duration of MVPA | 12,420 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | ✓ | X | X | + | |
| Proportion of participants reported changes in PA levels | 16,014 | 8 | 8 | N/A | 1 | X | X | X | X | ✓ | N/A | N/A | - | ||
| Changes in number of participants involving in different PA categories | 4,392 | 3 | 3 | N/A | 1 | X | X | X | X | ✓ | N/A | N/A | + | ||
| IPAQ scores | 1,047 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | N/A | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | + | ||
| Step counts (per day or per week) | 748,971 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | +++ | ||
| Proportion of participants reported changes in exercise duration | 2,640 | 2 | 2 | N/A | 1 | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | ✓ | N/A | N/A | ++ | ||
| Proportion of participants reported doing regular exercise | 3,654 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | ✓ | N/A | N/A | +/- | |
| Duration of sedentary time | 11,333 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | + | ||
| Proportion of participants reported changes in sedentary time | 6,045 | 4 | 4 | N/A | 1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | ++ | ||
| No lockdown | |||||||||||||||
| Proportion of participants reported changes in PA | 5,599 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | ✓ | N/A | ✓ | X | X | X | X | + | ||
| Proportion of participants reported changes in exercise duration | 5,599 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | ✓ | N/A | ✓ | X | X | X | X | + | ||
| Proportion of participants reported changes in sedentary time | 5,599 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | ✓ | N/A | ✓ | X | X | X | X | + | ||
IPAQ = International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET-min = metabolic equivalent-minute; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PA = physical activities
Phase, phase of investigation. For univariate analysis: +, number of significant effects with a positive value; 0, number of non-significant effects; -, number of significant effects with a negative value. For GRADE factors: ✓, no serious limitations; ✕, serious limitations (or not present for moderate/large effect size, dose effect); ?, unable to rate item based on available information; N/A, not applicable. For overall quality of evidence: -, inconsistent; +, very low; ++, low; +++, moderate; ++++, high
PA = physical activities; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Phase, phase of investigation. For univariate analysis: +, number of significant effects with a positive value; 0, number of non-significant effects; -, number of significant effects with a negative value. For GRADE factors: ✓, no serious limitations; ✕, serious limitations (or not present for moderate/large effect size, dose effect); ?, unable to rate item based on available information; N/A, not applicable. For overall quality of evidence: +, very low; ++, low; +++, moderate; ++++, high