GRADE factors
Potential outcomes identified	Number of participants	Number of studies		Number of cohorts	Univariate			Phase	Study limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Moderate/large effect size	Dose effect	Overall quality
					+	0	-
Duration of PA
Patients with heart failure	82	1	1				1	1	X	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Duration of MVPA
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus	165	1	1				1	1	✓	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Patients with cardiovascular disease	1,565	1	1		1			1	✓	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Proportion of participants reported changes in PA levels
Patients with congestive heart failure	124	1	1			N/A		1	X	N/A	✓	X	X	N/A	N/A	+
Adults with obesity	279	1	1			N/A		1	✓	N/A	X	X	✓	N/A	N/A	+
Changes in number of participants involving in different PA categories
Patients with musculoskeletal pain	292	1	1			N/A		1	X	N/A	X	X	✓	N/A	N/A	+
Children with chronic respiratory diseases	72	1	1			N/A		1	✓	N/A	X	X	✓	N/A	N/A	+
Step counts (per day or per week)
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus	165	1	1				1	1	✓	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Patients with heart failure	26	1	1				1	1	X	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Frequency of continuous PA
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus	165	1	1		1			1	✓	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Duration of sedentary time
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus	165	1	1				1	1	✓	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Patients with cardiovascular disease	1,565	1	1		1			1	✓	N/A	✓	X	✓	✓	N/A	+
Proportion of participants reported changes in sedentary time
Patients with congestive heart failure	124	1	1			N/A		1	✓	N/A	✓	X	X	N/A	N/A	+
Patients with musculoskeletal pain	292	1	1			N/A		1	X	N/A	X	X	✓	N/A	N/A	+