Table 1. Comparison of Demographic, Disease-related, and Hematologic Indices in Good and Poor Sleepers in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus a.
| Parameters | Total (N = 266) | Good Sleeper (N = 81) | Poor Sleeper (N = 185) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female) | 174 (65.4) | 43 (53.1) | 131 (70.8) | 0.005 a |
| Age (y) | 47.00 ± 19.04 | 45.41 ± 19.37 | 47.70 ± 18.92 | 0.369 b |
| Marital status (married) | 182 (71.4) | 52 (64.2) | 130 (70.3) | 0.270 a |
| Education | 0.368 a | |||
| Less than diploma | 59 (23.1) | 18 (23.4) | 41 (23.0) | |
| Diploma or bachelor | 150 (58.8) | 49 (63.6) | 101 (56.7) | |
| Postgraduate | 46 (18.0) | 10 (13.0) | 36 (20.2) | |
| Employment | 0.041a | |||
| Unemployed | 17 (6.5) | 5 (6.4) | 12 (6.5) | |
| Employed or retired | 138 (52.7) | 45 (57.7) | 93 (50.5) | |
| Housekeeper | 67 (25.6) | 12 (15.4) | 55 (29.9) | |
| Student | 40 (15.3) | 16 (20.5) | 24 (13.0) | |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 26.55 ± 5.37 | 25.30 ± 4.51 | 27.09 ± 5.62 | 0.013b |
| DM type | 0.910a | |||
| Type 1 | 107 (40.2) | 33 (40.7) | 74 (40.0) | |
| Type 2 | 159 (59.8) | 48 (59.3) | 111 (60.0) | |
| Other chronic disease (yes) | 134 (50.8) | 39 (48.8) | 95 (51.6) | 0.667a |
| DM duration (y) | 12.58 ± 8.40 | 11.93 ± 7.87 | 12.85 ± 8.62 | 0.420b |
| Treatment type (insulin) | 147 (55.3) | 42 (51.9) | 105 (56.8) | 0.459a |
| Macrovascular and microvascular complications (yes) | 80 (30.1) | 9 (11.1) | 71 (38.4) | < 0.0001 b |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.64 ± 1.54 | 7.17 ± 1.06 | 7.84 ± 1.67 | 0.001 c |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 144.47 ± 55.52 | 138.09 ± 54.34 | 147.25 ± 55.94 | 0.225 b |
| 2HPPBS (mg/dL) | 188.26 ± 71.75 | 175.21 ± 53.48 | 193.88 ± 77.80 | 0.033 b |
Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; FBS, fasting blood sugar; 2HPPBS, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar.
a Values are expressed as No. (%) or mean ± SD.
b Chi-square
c Independent t-test