Table 3. Relationships of Sleep Quality According to Individual Components in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with Hemoglobin A1c a.
| No. (%) | HbA1c (%) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cannot get to sleep within 30 minutes | 0.003 | ||
| Yes | 120 (45.1) | 8.00 ± 1.71 | |
| No | 146 (54.9) | 7.41 ± 1.47 | |
| Waking up at night or early morning | 0.048 | ||
| Yes | 154 (57.9) | 7.82 ± 1.69 | |
| No | 112 (42.1) | 7.49 ± 1.48 | |
| Waking up to use a bathroom | 0.002 | ||
| Yes | 164 (61.7) | 7.91 ± 1.67 | |
| No | 102 (38.3) | 7.31 ± 1.43 | |
| Cannot breathe comfortably | 0.149 | ||
| Yes | 26 (9.8) | 8.13 ± 1.68 | |
| No | 240 (90.2) | 7.63 ± 1.60 | |
| Coughing or snoring loudly | 0.030 | ||
| Yes | 61 (22.9) | 8.07 ± 1.64 | |
| No | 205 (77.1) | 7.56 ± 1.58 | |
| Feeling too cold | 0.095 | ||
| Yes | 40 (15.0) | 8.07 ± 1.97 | |
| No | 226 (85.0) | 7.61 ± 1.53 | |
| Feeling too hot | 0.138 | ||
| Yes | 70 (26.3) | 7.93 ± 1.66 | |
| No | 196 (73.7) | 7.59 ± 1.59 | |
| Having bad dreams | 0.237 | ||
| Yes | 60 (22.6) | 7.90 ± 1.68 | |
| No | 206 (77.4) | 7.62 ± 1.58 | |
| Having pain | 0.002 | ||
| Yes | 67 (25.2) | 8.20 ± 1.84 | |
| No | 199 (74.8) | 7.51 ± 1.49 | |
| Taking medications to sleep | 0.624 | ||
| Yes | 51 (19.2) | 7.58 ± 1.60 | |
| No | 215 (80.8) | 7.70 ± 1.61 | |
| Troubles with staying awake during daily activities | 0.210 | ||
| Yes | 20 (7.5) | 8.37 ± 2.54 | |
| No | 246 (92.5) | 7.62 ± 1.50 | |
| Problems with keeping up enough enthusiasm | 0.904 | ||
| Yes | 95 (35.7) | 7.70 ± 1.49 | |
| No | 171 (64.3) | 7.67 ± 1.68 |
a Yes: ≥ 2 times a week over the last month; No: < 2 times a week over the last month