After IPC, sorted cortical microglia and peripheral immune cells are increased in the ipsilateral cortex and gene expression is altered in cortical microglia. A. Following mechanical and enzymatic digestion, microglia are sorted out from peripheral immune cells, including Ly6G+ (1A8+) neutrophils and Ly6C+ (GR-1+) monocytes, on the basis of being 1A8− and GR-1− (left panels). The resulting subpopulation of myeloid cells is differentiated based on CD45int and F4/80+ (microglia) vs CD45hi and F4/80+ (macrophages). B. Heat map comparison of cortical microglial gene expression in preconditioned and sham-operated mice within the gene ontology categories: cell cycle; cellular assembly and organization; DNA replication, recombination, and repair; cellular growth and proliferation; and cellular movement. The color gradations represent log fold changes from the average gene expression. Each column represents an individual experiment (N = 4 experiments per group, 3–4 pooled heimicortices per experiment).