Table 2.
Odds ratios of the adjusted associations between perceived safety from COVID-19 on public buses and the selected explanatory factors from the ordered logistic regression, including three interaction terms (N = 306).
|
Model 1: Without interactions a) |
Model 2: Without interactions b) |
Model 3: Interaction 1 |
Model 4: Interaction 2 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | CI (Low; High) | Odds Ratio | CI (Low; High) | Odds Ratio | CI (Low; High) | Odds Ratio | CI (Low; High) | |
| Male (Ref. Female) | 1.406 | (0.925; 2.138) | 1.414 | (0.93; 2.149) | 1.387 | (0.911; 2.111) | 1.368 | (0.898; 2.084) |
| 25-54 years-old (Ref. <25 years-old) | 1.770** | (1.070; 2.926) | 1.688** | (1.019; 2.795) | 1.714** | (1.033; 2.842) | 1.767** | (1.063; 2.939) |
| >=55 years-old (Ref. <25 years-old) | 3.072*** | (1.571; 6.007) | 2.959*** | (1.504; 5.823) | 2.892*** | (1.465; 5.712) | 2.960*** | (1.497; 5.854) |
| Professional status (Ref. Unemployed) | 0.967 | (0.588; 1.591) | 1.009 | (0.613; 1.661) | 1.010 | (0.613; 1.664) | 0.983 | (0.596; 1.622) |
| 1.500€ - 3.000€ (Ref. <1,500€) | 1.707** | (1.078; 2.701) | 1.801** | (1.135; 2.859) | 1.767** | (1.112; 2.808) | 1.758** | (1.106; 2.796) |
| ≥ 3.000€ (Ref. <1500€) | 1.262 | (0.668; 2.386) | 1.291 | (0.684; 2.44) | 1.291 | (0.683; 2.437) | 1.318 | (0.698; 2.489) |
| Captive (Ref. Non-captive) | 1.735** | (1.093; 2.753) | 1.696** | (1.063; 2.704) | 1.709** | (1.070; 2.730) | 1.718** | (1.075; 2.747) |
| Professional trip (Ref. Leisure) | 1.131 | (0.701; 1.827) | 1.108 | (0.685; 1.791) | 1.112 | (0.688; 1.798) | 1.125 | (0.696; 1.818) |
| Presence of tourists in retail and hospitality (scale 1-5) | 1.308 | (0.674; 2.536) | 1.338 | (0.689; 2.599) | 1.403 | (0.717; 2.745) | 1.786 | (0.854; 3.736) |
| Presence of tourists in public space (scale 1-5) | 1.009 | (0.633; 1.608) | 1.007 | (0.632; 1.605) | 0.999 | (0.627; 1.592) | 1.019 | (0.639; 1.625) |
| Presence of tourists on public transport (scale 1-5) | 0.507** | (0.262; 0.983) | 0.514** | (0.265; 0.995) | 0.494** | (0.254; 0.960) | 0.582 | (0.298; 1.137) |
| Preoccupation for COVID-19 contagion (scale 1-10) | 0.848*** | (0.784; 0.918) | ||||||
| Moderate COVID-19 preoccupation (Ref. Rest) | 0.228*** | (0.115; 0.454) | 0.23*** | (0.116; 0.458) | 0.230*** | (0.116; 0.459) | ||
| High COVID-19 preoccupation.(Ref. Rest) | 0.373*** | (0.191; 0.729) | 0.385*** | (0.197; 0.754) | 0.386*** | (0.197; 0.755) | ||
| Interaction 1= Moderate preoccupation * Presence of tourists on public transport | 1.079 | (0.904; 1.287) | ||||||
| Interaction 2= High preoccupation * Presence of tourists on public transport | 0.836* | (0.677; 1.033) | ||||||
| Global significance test | LR χ2=50.0 | p value=0.00 | LR χ2=51.1 | p value=0.00 | LR χ2=51.9 | p value=0.00 | LR χ2=54.1 | p value=0.00 |
| Goodness of fit |
AIC=948.5 |
BIC=1008.1 |
AIC=949.0 |
BIC=1012.3 |
AIC=946.8 |
BIC= 1013.8 |
AIC= 944.8 |
BIC= 1011.7 |
|
McFadden=0.052 |
McFadden=0.053 |
McFadden =0.054 |
McFadden =0.056 |
|||||
|
Cox – Snell=0.151 |
Cox – Snell=0.154 |
Cox – Snell=0.157 |
Cox – Snell=0.162 |
|||||
| McKelvey & Zavoina=0.152 | McKelvey & Zavoina=0.155 | McKelvey & Zavoina=0.158 | McKelvey & Zavoina=0.165 | |||||
* Significant p-value at 90% confidence level; **Significant p-value at 95% confidence level; ***Significant p-value at 99% confidence level.