Table 6.
Relationships Between Resident Nonverbal Behaviors and Staff Nonverbal Behaviors
| Resident behavior | Staff modifications of resident abilities/minute | Staff modifications of care approaches/minute | Staff modifications of dining environment/minute | Staff challenging behaviors | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||||
| 0 | <1 | 1+ | 0 | <1 | 1+ | 0 | <1 | 1+ | 0 | 1+ | |||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p a | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p a | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p a | n (%) | n (%) | p a | |
| Positive/neutral resident behaviors | .681 | .106 | .680 | .297 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 7(13.0) | 12(22.2) | 35(64.8) | 17(31.5) | 16(29.6) | 21(38.9) | 14(25.9) | 25(46.3) | 15(27.8) | 13(24.1) | 41(75.9) | ||||
| 1+ | 5(8.9) | 16(28.6) | 35(62.5) | 8(14.3) | 20(35.7) | 28(50.0) | 14(25.0) | 30(53.6) | 12(21.4) | 19(33.9) | 37(66.1) | ||||
| Chewing/swallowing difficulties/minute | .007 | .088 | .097 | .186 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 8(23.5) | 7(20.6) | 19(55.9) | 12(35.3) | 10(29.4) | 12(35.3) | 9(26.5) | 12(35.3) | 13(38.2) | 11(32.4) | 23(67.7) | ||||
| <1 | 3(6.7) | 17(37.8) | 25(55.6) | 7(15.6) | 12(26.7) | 26(57.8) | 13(28.9) | 26(57.8) | 6(13.3) | 9(20.0) | 36(80.0) | ||||
| 1+ | 1(3.2) | 4(12.9) | 26(83.9) | 6(19.4) | 14(45.2) | 11(35.5) | 6(19.4) | 17(54.8) | 8(25.8) | 12(38.7) | 19(61.3) | ||||
| Functional impairments | .248 | .005 | .895 | .500 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 10(13.3) | 16(21.3) | 49(65.3) | 15(20.0) | 19(25.3) | 41(54.7) | 18(24.0) | 38(50.7) | 19(25.3) | 20(26.7) | 55(73.3) | ||||
| 1+ | 2(5.7) | 12(34.3) | 21(60.0) | 10(28.6) | 17(48.6) | 8(22.9) | 10(28.6) | 17(48.6) | 8(22.9) | 12(34.3) | 23(65.7) | ||||
| Resistive behaviors/minute | .018 | .197 | .006 | .268 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 9(22.0) | 13(31.7) | 19(46.3) | 12(29.3) | 9(22.0) | 20(48.8) | 8(19.5) | 16(39.0) | 17(41.5) | 14(34.2) | 27(65.9) | ||||
| <1 | 3(6.8) | 9(20.5) | 32(72.7) | 8(18.2) | 20(45.5) | 16(36.4) | 9(20.5) | 29(65.9) | 6(13.6) | 9(20.5) | 35(79.6) | ||||
| 1+ | 0(0.0) | 6(24.0) | 19(76.0) | 5(20.0) | 7(28.0) | 13(52.0) | 11(44.0) | 10(40.0) | 4(16.0) | 9(36.0) | 16(64.0) | ||||
Note. Categories for variables operationalized as the number of behaviors per minute are: 0, between 0 and 1, and 1 or more behaviors per minute. Categories for variables indicating presence of the behavior in a video are: 0 and 1 or more behaviors. Values significant at p < .05 are in bold.
a
p-values for Fisher’s exact test.