Fig. 2. Time-effect curve of the formalin test. Data are presented as the number of flinching. BPC-157 suppressed flinches in a dose-dependent manner in phase 1 but not in phase 2. Morphine suppressed flinches in both phases. Morphine group. Control: control group with saline at the same volume; BPC10: BPC10 group with 10 µg/kg of BPC-157; BPC20: BPC20 group with 20 µg/kg of BPC-157; BPC40: BPC40 group with 40 µg/kg of BPC-157; morphine: morphine group with 5 mg/kg of morphine. BPC, body protection compound.