Table 3.
Multivariable ordinal logistic regression examining the association between demographic, psychological and professional characteristics on distress level in a sample of Jordanian healthcare practitioners
| Odds Ratio | p value | 95% confidence interval | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (reference female)*ψ | 0.52 | 0.000 | 0.36 | 0.75 |
| Age in years | 0.98 | 0.146 | 0.96 | 1.01 |
| Married (reference: unmarried) | 1.00 | 0.999 | 0.64 | 1.57 |
| Live with young (reference: those who do not)* | 1.56 | 0.041 | 1.02 | 2.40 |
| Live with older adults (reference: those who do not) | 1.29 | 0.151 | 0.91 | 1.81 |
| Profession (reference: nurses & technicians) | ||||
| Pharmacists | 1.73 | 0.229 | 0.71 | 4.21 |
| Specialists/dentists | 1.61 | 0.134 | 0.86 | 3.00 |
| GPs and residents | 1.99 | 0.079 | 0.92 | 4.28 |
| Educational level (reference: Bachelors) | ||||
| Diploma or less | 1.42 | 0.208 | 0.82 | 2.43 |
| Masters, PhD | 0.95 | 0.836 | 0.57 | 1.58 |
| Type of institution (reference: non-cancer/general hospital) | ||||
| Community pharmacies | 0.88 | 0.818 | 0.29 | 2.67 |
| Tertiary cancer center | 1.18 | 0.419 | 0.79 | 1.76 |
| Ward (reference: ICU/ER) | ||||
| Other medical wards | 0.94 | 0.773 | 0.63 | 1.41 |
| Other sites | 0.96 | 0.923 | 0.45 | 2.05 |
| Work directly with COVID patients* | 1.57 | 0.033 | 1.04 | 2.37 |
| Agreed that they were satisfied with work (reference: those who disagreed or were neutral to the statement)*ψ | 0.50 | 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.75 |
| Experienced higher workload ( Reference: those who reported reasonable, between reasonable and calm or calm) | 1.09 | 0.655 | 0.76 | 1.56 |
| Reported at least one symptom of burnout (reference: reported no symptoms of burnout)*ψ | 2.99 | 0.000 | 2.02 | 4.42 |
| Agreed that place of work implemented effective safety measures (reference: those who disagreed or were neutral) | 0.82 | 0.316 | 0.55 | 1.21 |
| Had [quite a bit, very much] fatigue (reference: those who reported some or none)*ψ | 2.40 | 0.000 | 1.61 | 3.56 |
| Experienced [quite a bit, very much] sleep disturbances (reference: those who reported some or none)*ψ | 4.35 | 0.000 | 2.73 | 6.93 |
| Fears related to respondents’ families (mean value) | 1.08 | 0.589 | 0.81 | 1.44 |
| Fears related to the respondent becoming infected (mean value) | 0.99 | 0.942 | 0.74 | 1.32 |
| Fatalistic fears (mean value)*ψ | 1.59 | 0.001 | 1.22 | 2.07 |
| Fear of quarantine (mean value) | 1.08 | 0.541 | 0.84 | 1.38 |
| Fears related to workload (mean value)*ψ | 1.82 | 0.000 | 1.39 | 2.39 |
| Monetary fears (mean value) | 1.16 | 0.153 | 0.95 | 1.42 |
| Coping using positive practices (mean value)*ψ | 0.51 | 0.000 | 0.37 | 0.70 |
| Coping by seeking COVID-related information and controlling risk of infection (mean value) | 0.99 | 0.971 | 0.71 | 1.39 |
| Coping using denial, avoidance (mean value)* | 1.48 | 0.008 | 1.11 | 1.97 |
| Reported PPEs available | 1.36 | 0.102 | 0.94 | 1.98 |
*Significant p value using cutoff of 0.05
ψSignificant p value using Bonferroni-adjusted cutoff of 0.002