Table 1.
The Nrf2 inducers in clinical trials.
| Nrf2 Inducer | Mechanisms of Action | CNS Disorder | Clinical Progress | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) | Electrophile | Multiple Sclerosis | Approved | |
| Glioblastoma | Phase I | NCT02337426 | ||
| Acute Ischemic Stroke | Phase II | NCT04891497 | ||
| Phase II | NCT04890353 | |||
| Phase II | NCT04890366 | |||
| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | Phase II | NCT04890379 | ||
| ALKS-8700 | Electrophile | Multiple Sclerosis | Phase III | NCT02634307 |
| Phase III | NCT03093324 | |||
| Omaveloxolone | Electrophile | Friedreich’s Ataxia | Phase II | NCT02255435 |
| Sulforaphane | Electrophile | Schizophrenia | Phase II | NCT02880462 |
| Phase II | NCT02810964 | |||
| Phase II | NCT01716858 | |||
| Phase II | NCT04521868 | |||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | Phase II | NCT01474993 | ||
| Phase II | NCT02909959 | |||
| Phase II | NCT02677051 | |||
| Phase III | NCT02654743 | |||
| Phase I/II | NCT02561481 | |||
| Parkinson's Disease | Phase II | NCT05084365 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder | Phase IV | NCT05148169 | ||
| Phase IV | NCT05145270 | |||
| Phase II | NCT04246905 | |||
| Cognitive Function | Phase II | NCT04252261 | ||
| Sulforadex | Electrophile | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | Phase II | NCT02614742 |
| Curcumin | Electrophile | Schizophrenia/Psychosis | Phase I/II | NCT02104752 |
| Chronic Schizophrenia | Phase IV | NCT02298985 | ||
| Major Depression | Phase IV | NCT01750359 | ||
| Mild Cognitive Impairment | Phase II | NCT01811381 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | Phase I/II | NCT00164749 | ||
| Phase II | NCT00099710 | |||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Phase II | NCT04654689 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | Phase II | NCT01514370 | ||
| Resveratrol | Electrophile | Friedreich Ataxia | Phase I/II | NCT01339884 |
| Phase II | NCT03933163 | |||
| Mild Cognitive Impairment | Phase II/III | NCT01219244 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | Phase I | NCT02502253 | ||
| Phase II | NCT01504854 | |||
| Phase III | NCT00743743 | |||
| Phase III | NCT00678431 | |||
| Huntington Disease | Phase III | NCT02336633 | ||
| Depression | Phase IV | NCT03384329 | ||
| Schizophrenia | Phase II | NCT02062190 | ||
| Tideglusib | GSK-3 inhibition | Autism Spectrum Disorders | Phase II | NCT02586935 |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | Phase I/II | NCT00948259 | ||
| Phase II | NCT01350362 | |||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Phase II | NCT05105958 | ||
| Nordihydroguaiaretic acid | GSK-3 inhibition | CNS Tumors | Phase I/II | NCT00404248 |
| Terameprocol | GSK-3 inhibition | High-grade glioma | Phase I | NCT02575794 |