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. 2022 Mar 28;10:861157. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861157

Table 2.

Unit root test.

Variable HT TEST
Statistic H0 P-value Outcome
ΔzPM −0.1043 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
Δzln(SO2) 0.0094 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
Δzln(PGDP) 0.3925 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
ΔzNHP −0.6910 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
ΔzPMHS −0.3638 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
Δzln(PDI) −0.4800 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
ΔzUR −0.1425 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth
ΔzPAR −1.2241 Panels contain unit roots 0.0000*** Smooth

z represents for standardization. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05,

***

p < 0.01.