Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population at follow-up according to hypertension (HTN) status
| Non-HTN | HTN at follow-up | HTN at baseline | P value | |
| n (%) | 44 962 (44.10) | 11 189 (10.97) | 45 808 (44.93) | -- |
| Age (years) | 53.87±8.06 | 56.83±8.57*† | 59.45±8.46* | <0.0001 |
| Male (n (%)) | 13 223 (29.41) | 4082 (36.48) *† | 17 504 (38.21)* | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.71±3.35 | 24.74±3.54*† | 25.50±3.55* | <0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 81.25±9.19 | 84.52±9.59*† | 86.31±9.73* | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.24±11.25 | 127.18±8.95*† | 149.67±17.67* | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.40±7.75 | 76.73±7.56*† | 85.13±10.95* | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking (n (%)) | 6434 (14.31) | 1849 (16.53)*† | 6460 (14.10)* | <0.0001 |
| Current drinking (n (%)) | 3863 (8.59) | 1283 (11.47)*† | 5550 (12.12)* | <0.0001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.19 (0.86–1.71) | 1.35 (0.96–1.95)*† | 1.47 (1.04–2.13)* | <0.0001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.85±1.13 | 4.95±1.13*† | 5.10±1.12* | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.35±0.37 | 1.33±0.36* | 1.33±0.36* | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.81±0.86 | 2.86±0.86*† | 2.96±0.88* | <0.0001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.71±1.38 | 6.02±1.71*† | 6.20±1.74* | <0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | 6.20 (4.40–8.50) | 6.80 (4.80–9.60)*† | 7.50 (5.20–10.60)* | <0.0001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 14.00 (11.00–20.00) | 15.40 (11.00–22.00)*† | 16.00 (12.00–22.80)* | <0.0001 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.00 (16.00–24.00) | 20.20 (17.00–25.00)*† | 21.00 (17.20–26.00)* | <0.0001 |
| γ-GGT (U/L) | 18.00 (13.00–27.00) | 21.00 (15.00–32.00)*† | 23.00 (16.00–35.00)* | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 98.13 (89.97–104.54) | 95.85 (87.19–102.49)*† | 92.93 (83.72–99.67)* | <0.0001 |
| Ideal physical activity (n (%)) | 6780 (15.08) | 1397 (12.49)* | 5758 (12.57)* | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.51 (1.06–2.18) | 1.74 (1.20–2.58)*† | 1.97 (1.31–2.95)* | <0.0001 |
| Family history of diabetes (n (%)) | 6318 (14.05) | 1223 (10.93)*† | 5469 (11.94)* | <0.0001 |
| Education level (n (%)) | ||||
| Elementary school and below | 10 005 (22.25) | 3697 (33.04)*† | 16 322 (35.63)* | <0.0001 |
| Middle school | 15 964 (35.51) | 3842 (34.34)*† | 15 491 (33.82)* | |
| High school degree or above | 18 993 (42.24) | 3650 (32.62)*† | 13 995 (30.55)* | |
| Use of antihypertensive medications (n (%)) | – | – | 12 913 (28.19) | <0.0001 |
Data were means±SD or medians (IQRs) for skewed variables or numbers (proportions) for categorical variables.
P values were for analysis of variance or χ2 analyses across the groups.
*P<0.05 compared with non-HTN group.
†P<0.05 compared with HTN at baseline group.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference; γ-GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase.