Table 2.
Distribution of studies and estimates by continent
| Author by continent | Number of estimates | PCC |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | ||
| Ajide (2014) | 1 | 0.73 |
| Azad (2020) | 2 | 0.09 |
| Boachie (2015) | 1 | 0.50 |
| Eggoh et al. (2015) | 1 | 0.11 |
| He and Li (2020) | 34 | 0.48 |
| Isola and Alani (2012) | 1 | 0.41 |
| Ogundari and Awokuse (2018) | 3 | 0.08 |
| America | ||
| Azad (2020) | 2 | 0.14 |
| He and Li (2020) | 31 | 0.49 |
| Asia | ||
| Arora (2001) | 2 | 0.20 |
| Azad (2020) | 2 | 0.07 |
| Bloom and Williamson (1997) | 3 | 0.47 |
| Bloom et al. (2010) | 6 | 0.13 |
| Gallup et al. (1999) | 7 | 0.47 |
| He and Li (2020) | 30 | 0.49 |
| Swift (2011) | 2 | 0.37 |
| Yusuf et al. (2020) | 1 | 0.51 |
| Europe | ||
| Arora (2001) | 8 | 0.26 |
| Azad (2020) | 2 | 0.06 |
| He and Li (2020) | 26 | 0.64 |
| Swift (2011) | 9 | 0.38 |
| Cross-continent | ||
| Acemoglu and Johnson (2007) | 84 | − 0.02 |
| Acemoglu and Johnson (2014) | 10 | − 0.10 |
| Aghion et al. (2010) | 14 | 0.56 |
| Andres et al. (2005) | 4 | − 0.06 |
| Azad (2020) | 10 | 0.05 |
| Barro and Lee (1994) | 36 | 0.49 |
| Barro and Lee (2005) | 12 | 0.16 |
| Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995) | 44 | 0.40 |
| Barro (1996a) | 6 | 0.34 |
| Barro (1996b) | 12 | 0.38 |
| Barro (2001) | 9 | 0.15 |
| Barro (2002) | 30 | 0.23 |
| Barro (2013) | 15 | 0.33 |
| Bhargava et al. (2001) | 2 | 0.19 |
| Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) | 1 | 0.48 |
| Bloom and Finlay (2009) | 2 | 0.14 |
| Bloom and Malaney (1998) | 1 | 0.27 |
| Bloom and Sachs (1998) | 6 | 0.29 |
| Bloom et al. (2000) | 8 | 0.16 |
| Bloom et al. (2003) | 3 | 0.11 |
| Bloom et al. (2010) | 1 | 0.23 |
| Bloom et al. (2014) | 3 | 0.58 |
| Butkiewicz and Yanikkaya (2005) | 4 | 0.21 |
| Butkiewicz and Yanikkaya (2006) | 11 | 0.27 |
| Caselli et al. (1996) | 2 | 0.13 |
| Cervellati and Sunde (2011) | 2 | 0.00 |
| Cooray (2014) | 36 | 0.10 |
| Desbordes (2011) | 3 | − 0.50 |
| Drury et al. (2006) | 1 | 0.04 |
| Ecevit (2013) | 4 | 0.24 |
| Gallup and Sachs (2000) | 7 | 0.24 |
| Hansen (2012) | 1 | − 0.23 |
| Hansen (2013) | 2 | − 0.09 |
| Hansen et al. (2015) | 16 | − 0.23 |
| Hassan and Cooray (2012) | 22 | 0.01 |
| Husain (2012) | 24 | 0.06 |
| Jamison (2003) | 4 | 0.19 |
| Knowles and Owen (1995) | 6 | 0.41 |
| Knowles and Owen (1997) | 6 | 0.40 |
| Li and Liang (2010) | 12 | 0.31 |
| Malik (2006) | 2 | 0.06 |
| McDonald and Roberts (2002) | 1 | 0.20 |
| Munir and Shahid (2020) | 4 | 0.29 |
| Ngangue and Manfred (2015) | 6 | 0.07 |
| Ram (2007) | 1 | 0.22 |
| Ranis (2000) | 6 | 0.48 |
| Sachs and Warner (1997a) | 1 | 0.32 |
| Sachs and Warner (1997b) | 12 | 0.26 |
| Sharma (2018) | 14 | 0.19 |
| Sirag et al. (2020) | 6 | 0.15 |
| Suri et al. (2011) | 2 | 0.48 |
| Upreti (2015) | 1 | 0.25 |
| Zhang and Zhang (2005) | 13 | 0.51 |
| Total | 719 | 0.25 |
Cross-continent includes studies whose estimates come from data that include more than one continent; PCC is partial correlation coefficient