Table 3.

Logistic regression analysis of the stiff LA physiology in the patients.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P -value	OR (95% CI)	P -value	OR (95% CI)	P -value
Age	1.042 (0.999–1.088)	0.058
Male	0.854 (0.406–1.798)	0.678
Paroxysmal AF	0.355 (0.169–0.746)	0.006	1.088 (0.378–3.134)	0.876	0.881 (0.302–2.575)	0.817
Body mass index	1.052 (0.935–1.183)	0.397
Diabetes mellitus	2.122 (1.029–4.374)	0.042	2.935 (1.278–6.742)	0.011	2.386 (1.019–5.587)	0.045
Hypertension	0.969 (0.475–1.975)	0.931
Congestive heart failure	2.000 (0.877–4.559)	0.099
Stroke	0.563 (0.169–1.877)	0.350
Vascular disease	1.945 (0.881–4.296)	0.100
LA diameter	1.034 (0.975–1.095)	0.263
LVEF	1.004 (0.963–1.047)	0.837
E/Em	1.059 (0.992–1.130)	0.087
LA volume/BSA	1.013 (0.999–1.026)	0.060
Pericardial fat volume	1.008 (1.002–1.014)	0.007	1.010 (1.003–1.017)	0.006	1.011 (1.003–1.018)	0.004
LA pressure, peak*	1.061 (1.027–1.097)	<0.001
LA voltage*	0.389 (0.205–0.738)	0.004
LA wall stress*	1.004 (1.001–1.007)	0.005	1.002 (0.999–1.006)	0.153	1.003 (0.999–1.006)	0.144
Extra PV LA ablation	2.731 (1.316–5.664)	0.007	3.494 (1.190–10.259)	0.023	3.144 (1.067–9.262)	0.038
Extra PV trigger	0.318 (0.043–2.377)	0.264
Baseline PVR	0.939 (0.757–1.164)	0.564
1-year follow up PVR	1.395 (1.117–1.742)	0.003	1.689 (1.251–2.281)	0.001
Delta PVR	1.141 (1.176–1.767)	<0.001			1.782 (1.372–2.314)	<0.001

^*LA wall stress was included in the multivariate analysis due to multicollinearity among three variables. Two multivariate models were separately presented because 1-year follow up PVR and delta PVR had a multicollinearity to each other. LA, left atrium; AF, atrial fibrillation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E/Em, the ratio of the early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) to the early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em); BSA, body surface area; PV, pulmonary vein; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance.