Table 1.

Measures of causation and association

Name	Measures of causation	Measures of association
Risk difference	Pr[Y1=1]–Pr[Y0=1]	Pr[Y=1|T=1]–Pr[Y=1|T=0]
Risk ratio	$\frac{\text{Pr}[Y^1=1]}{\text{Pr}[Y^0=1]}$	$\frac{\text{Pr}[Y=1|T=1]}{\text{Pr}[Y=1|T=0]}$
Odds ratio	$\frac{\text{Pr}[Y^1=1]/\text{Pr}[Y^1=0]}{\text{Pr}[Y^0=1]/\text{Pr}[Y^0=0]}$	$\frac{\text{Pr}[Y=1|T=1]/\text{Pr}[Y=0|T=1]}{\text{Pr}[Y=1|T=0]/\text{Pr}[Y=0|T=0]}$