Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants in the study
| PTI arm (n=537) | PFI arm (n=654) | CBI arm (n=557) | UC arm (n=586) | P value | |
| Age (years) (mean±SD) | 55.9±7.0 | 56.2±7.0 | 55.5±7.1 | 55.2±7.3 | 0.216 |
| Sex: male (%) | 52.9* | 44.0 | 47.4 | 48.8 | 0.024 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) (mean±SD) | 8.4±6.8 | 8.2±6.1 | 8.9±6.3 | 8.6±6.8 | 0.471 |
| Glycated haemoglobin (%) (mean±SD) | 7.3±1.5 | 7.2±1.4 | 7.4±1.5 | 7.3±1.5 | 0.224 |
| <7% | 48.0 | 53.7 | 43.3 | 51.9 | |
| 7%–8% | 27.2 | 25.2 | 29.6 | 24.1 | |
| 8%–9% | 12.3 | 11.5 | 14.7 | 11.4 | |
| ≥9% | 12.5 | 9.6 | 12.4 | 12.6 | |
| EQ-5D-5L Index (mean±SD) | 0.86±0.19 | 0.88±0.16 | 0.86±0.19 | 0.85±0.20 | 0.796 |
Sex: χ2 test.
Age, duration of diabetes, glycated haemoglobin and EQ-5D-5L index: multilevel model with arm as independent variables, without adjusting by covariates.
*Statistically significant differences between arms PTI and PFI (p=0.002).
CBI, combined intervention for patients and professionals; PFI, intervention only for healthcare professionals at primary care; PTI, intervention only for patients and family members; UC, usual care (control group).