Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants (n = 400)
| Sleep disturbance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | None/slight | Mild/moderate/severe | p-value | |
| (100%) | n = 327 (81.8%) | n = 73 (18.2%) | ||
| Sleep duration (SE) | 7.25 (0.06) | 7.36 (0.06) | 6.76 (0.16) | 0.0001 |
| <5 hours | 9 | 5 (55.56) | 4 (44.44) | 0.040 |
| >9 hours | 12 | 11 (91.67) | 1 (8.33) | 0.367 |
| Acculturative stress (SE) | 1.64 (0.08) | 1.52 (0.08) | 2.15 (0.21) | 0.002 |
| Age (SE) | 58.39 (0.32) | 58.38 (0.36) | 58.45 (0.67) | 0.930 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 189 | 164 (86.8) | 25 (13.2) | 0.014 |
| Female | 211 | 163 (77.3) | 48 (22.8) | |
| Asian subgroup | ||||
| Korean | 200 | 154 (77.0) | 46 (23.0) | 0.014 |
| Chinese | 200 | 173 (86.5) | 27 (13.5) | |
| Education (Years) | ||||
| < HS | 43 | 35 (81.4) | 8 (18.6) | 0.224 |
| HS grad/GED | 91 | 73 (80.2) | 18 (19.8) | |
| Some college/vocational school | 68 | 59 (86.8) | 9 (13.2) | |
| College grad | 101 | 76 (75.3) | 25 (24.8) | |
| > College | 97 | 84 (86.6) | 13 (13.4) | |
| Income | ||||
| < $20 | 62 | 46 (74.2) | 16 (25.8) | 0.517 |
| $20K–39,999 | 64 | 54 (84.4) | 10 (15.63) | |
| $40K–59,999 | 85 | 68 (80.0) | 17 (20.0) | |
| $60K–79,999 | 49 | 40 (81.6) | 9 (18.4) | |
| $80K–99,999 | 32 | 26 (81.3) | 6 (18.8) | |
| ≥ $100K | 108 | 93 (86.1) | 15 (13.9) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Full-time | 231 | 190 (82.3) | 41 (17.8) | 0.674 |
| Part-time | 84 | 66 (78.6) | 18 (21.4) | |
| Not employed | 85 | 71 (83.5) | 14 (16.5) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or lived with partner | 341 | 286 (83.9) | 55 (16.1) | 0.008 |
| Not currently married | 59 | 41 (69.5) | 18 (30.5) | |
| Num of chronic conditions | ||||
| 0 | 130 | 112 (86.2) | 18 (13.9) | 0.131 |
| 1–2 | 185 | 151 (81.6) | 34 (18.4) | |
| 3 | 85 | 64 (75.3) | 21 (24.7) |
Notes: The mean and standard error were presented for continuous variables (sleep duration and age), while frequencies and percentages were reported for categorical variables. The chronic conditions include the following 10 conditions: (1) high blood pressure, (2) high cholesterol, (3) heart attack, or any other heart disease, (4) cancer, (5) stroke, (6) diabetes, (7) anxiety or depression, (8) obesity, (9) breathing problem (asthma or emphysema), (10) any other health problems.