Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by 10-year ASCVD risk stratifications.
| Characteristics | Overall | Low risk | Moderate risk | High risk | Very-high risk | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, N (%) | 2,904,914 (100) | 1,806,375 (62.2) | 603,351 (20.8) | 412,961 (14.2) | 82,227 (2.8) | |
| Age group, years | <0.0001 | |||||
| 35–44 | 431,107 (14.8) | 398,513 (22.1) | 18,095 (3.0) | 12,060 (2.9) | 2,439 (3.0) | |
| 45–54 | 900,223 (31.0) | 706,162 (39.1) | 80,284 (13.3) | 100,566 (24.4) | 13,211 (16.1) | |
| 55–64 | 913,671 (31.5) | 433,690 (24.0) | 279,956 (46.4) | 168,273 (40.7) | 31,752 (38.6) | |
| 65–75 | 659,913 (22.7) | 268,010 (14.8) | 225,016 (37.3) | 132,062 (32.0) | 34,825 (42.3) | |
| Women | 1,760,250 (60.6) | 1,191,270 (66.0) | 351,573 (58.3) | 176,173 (42.7) | 41,234 (50.2) | <0.0001 |
| Urbanity | 0.6720 | |||||
| Urban | 1,160,575 (40.0) | 728,781 (40.3) | 228,166 (37.8) | 169,766 (41.1) | 33,862 (41.2) | |
| Rural | 1,744,339 (60.0) | 1,077,594 (59.7) | 375,185 (62.2) | 243,195 (58.9) | 48,365 (58.8) | |
| Region | <0.0001 | |||||
| Eastern | 1,211,146 (41.7) | 718,415 (39.8) | 261,891 (43.4) | 193,585 (46.9) | 37,255 (45.3) | |
| Central | 678,563 (23.4) | 408,045 (22.6) | 153,031 (25.4) | 97,432 (23.6) | 20,055 (24.4) | |
| Western | 1,015,205 (34.9) | 679,915 (37.6) | 188,429 (31.2) | 121,944 (29.5) | 24,917 (30.3) | |
| Household income, Yuan/year | <0.0001 | |||||
| <10,000 | 540,657 (18.6) | 316,832 (17.5) | 130,841 (21.7) | 75,267 (18.2) | 17,717 (21.6) | |
| 10,000–50,000 | 1,580,899 (54.4) | 989,607 (54.8) | 322,782 (53.5) | 223,108 (54.0) | 45,402 (55.2) | |
| >50,000 | 502,332 (17.3) | 322,879 (17.9) | 91,448 (15.2) | 74,838 (18.1) | 13,167 (16.0) | |
| Unknown* | 281,026 (9.7) | 177,057 (9.8) | 58,280 (9.6) | 39,748 (9.7) | 5,941 (7.2) | |
| Health insurance status | <0.0001 | |||||
| Insured | 2,839,141 (97.7) | 1,762,016 (97.5) | 591,243 (98.0) | 404,670 (98.0) | 81,212 (98.8) | |
| Uninsured | 17,786 (0.6) | 12,158 (0.7) | 3,040 (0.5) | 2,311 (0.6) | 277 (0.3) | |
| Unknown* | 47,987 (1.7) | 32,201 (1.8) | 9,068 (1.5) | 5,980 (1.4) | 738 (0.9) | |
| Lipid levels, mmol/L | ||||||
| Triglycerides (IQR) | 1.33 (0.92) | 1.23 (0.79) | 1.46 (1.00) | 1.64 (1.23) | 1.42 (0.96) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (SD) | 4.56 (1.03) | 4.32 (0.92) | 4.95 (0.86) | 5.12 (1.31) | 4.41 (1.09) | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (SD) | 1.43 (0.40) | 1.45 (0.39) | 1.46 (0.40) | 1.36 (0.43) | 1.35 (0.38) | <0.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol (SD) | 2.42 (0.87) | 2.24 (0.78) | 2.71 (0.77) | 2.84 (1.09) | 2.31 (0.92) | <0.0001 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy† | 75,437 (2.6) | 23,116 (1.3) | 14,104 (2.3) | 22,305 (5.4) | 15,912 (19.4) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1,368,604 (47.1) | 420,946 (23.3) | 549,757 (91.1) | 336,938 (81.6) | 60,963 (74.1) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 219,067 (7.5) | 13,109 (0.7) | 244 (0.04) | 190,076 (46.0) | 15,638 (19.0) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 565,515 (19.5) | 248,258 (13.7) | 113,614 (18.8) | 185,343 (44.9) | 18,300 (22.3) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity‡ | 482,507 (16.6) | 243,000 (13.5) | 126,515 (21.0) | 94,501 (22.9) | 18,491 (22.5) | <0.0001 |
Data are N (%) if not otherwise indicated. Triglycerides are shown as median (IQR), and other lipid levels are shown as means (SD).
*
Participants either refused to answer the question or did not know the answer.
†
Defined as self-reported on-going lipid-lowering therapy.
‡
Defined as Body mass index ≥28 kg/m2.
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.