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Scatter plot to visualize causal effect of AF on total VHD risk. (A) AF on VHD including rheumatic fever; (B) AF on non-rheumatic VHD. The slope of the straight line indicates the magnitude of the causal association. Red arrows indicates a certain SNP (rs2106261) (X-axis: beta_exposure = 0.1872; Y-axis: beta_outcome = 0.0280). IVW indicates inverse-variance weighted; and MR, Mendelian randomization.
