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. 2022 Mar 28;9:845734. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845734

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Copyright © 2022 Gao, Bai and Ji.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Funnel plots to visualize overall heterogeneity of MR estimates for the effect of AF on VHD. (A) VHD including rheumatic fever. (B) non-rheumatic VHD. IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization.