TABLE 5.

Teachers’ positive and negative emotions during emergency remote teaching.

		Positive emotions				Negative emotions
		Happiness	Hope	Pride	Relief	Anxiety	Nervousness	Shame	Sadness	Boredom
Age	Cramer’s V	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.12	0.1
	X2 (9, N = 916)	16.88	12.54	11.86	16.4	18.84	17.56	7.67	38.69	25.34
	Significance level	0.051	0.19	0.22	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.57	<0.001	0.00
	Interpretation	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Teachers aged between 38 and 45 years are more likely to feel more anxious	Teachers aged 37 years or less are more likely to feel more nervous	N.A.	Teachers aged 37 years or less are more likely to feel sadder	Teachers aged 37 years or less are more likely to feel more bored
Educational level	Cramer’s V	0.11	0.06	0.07	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.16	0.13	0.15
	X2(15, N = 916)	34.78	8.57	14.84	37.62	36.91	40.98	67.68	46.76	57.86
	Significance level	0.03	0.9	0.46	0.00	0.00	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Interpretation	Primary and secondary teachers are more likely to feel less happy	N.A.	N.A.	Primary and secondary teachers are more likely to feel less relieved	Primary and secondary teachers are more likely to feel anxious	Primary and secondary teachers are more likely to feel nervous	Secondary teachers are more likely to never feel ashamed	Primary and secondary teachers are more likely to feel sad	Secondary teachers are more likely to never feel bored
Experience years	Cramer’s V	0.11	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.08	0.05	0.1	0.11
	X2 (9, N = 789)	27.94	4.88	15.44	5.70	10.70	16.38	6.07	22.55	27.02
	Significance level	0.00	0.85	0.08	0.77	0.3	0.06	0.73	0.01	0.00
	Interpretation	Teachers whose experience is less than 6 years are more likely to feel less happy	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Teachers whose experience is less than 6 years and between 7 and 15 years are more likely to feel sad	Teachers whose experience is more than 25 years are more likely to never feel bored
Gender	Cramer’s V	0.09	0.05	0.09	0.13	0.14	0.16	0.11	0.16	0.13
	X2 (3, N = 916)	6.83	2.45	7.23	15.37	16.88	21.89	10.88	22.57	15.10
	Significance level	0.08	0.49	0.07	0.00	0.00	<0.001	0.01	<0.001	0.00
	Interpretation	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Women are more likely to feel less relieved	Women are more likely to feel anxious	Women are more likely to feel nervous	Women are more likely to feel similarly ashamed	Women are more likely to feel sad	Women are more likely to never feel bored
School type	Cramer’s V	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.08	0.1	0.09	0.04	0.07	0.03
	X2 (3, N = 916)	15.07	13.91	12.85	6.09	9.60	7.11	1.57	4.16	0.83
	Significance level	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.11	0.02	0.07	0.67	0.25	0.84
	Interpretation	Teachers from public schools are more likely to feel less happy	Teachers from public schools are more likely to feel similarly hopeful	Teachers from public schools are more likely to feel similarly proud	N.A.	Teachers from public schools are more likely to feel anxious	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Students’ Socioeconomic Status	Cramer’s V	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.1	0.06
	X2 (9, N = 899)	23.11	18.07	20.65	16.79	8.07	11.53	13.42	26.06	8.35
	Significance level	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.052	0.53	0.24	0.15	0.00	0.5
	Interpretation	Teachers whose students come from low SES are more likely to feel less happy	Teachers whose students come from intermediate low SES are more likely to feel similarly hopeful	Teachers whose students come from intermediate low SES are more likely to feel similarly proud	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	Teachers whose students come from low SES are more likely to feel sad	N.A.