Table 2.
Tick-borne pathogens of parasitic and bacterial origin detected in free-ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in their native and introduced range
| TBPs | Species/genospecies | Locality | Prevalence | Diagnostic test | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesia/Theileria spp. | B. microti-like | South Korea-native | 3/14 (21.4%) | PCR | [80] |
| B. microti | South Korea-native | 0/23 | PCR | [81] | |
| B. microti-likea | Austria-introduced | 5/8 (62.5%) | PCR | [28] | |
| Theileria sp. | South Korea-native | 0/15 | PCR | [82] | |
| Borrelia spp. | B. afzelii | Poland-introduced | 2/28 (25%) | PCR | [84] |
| B. garinii | 5/28 (62.5%) | ||||
| B. valaisiana | 1/28 (12.5%) | ||||
| B. theileri | South Korea-native | 1/142 (0.7%) | PCR | [22] | |
| Rickettsia spp. | R. japonica | Japan-native | 0/30 | IFAT | [85] |
| R. tsutsugamushi | 0/30 | ||||
| R. japonica | South Korea-native | 11/36 (30.5%) | IFAT | [86] | |
| R. typhi | 15/36 (41.6%) | ||||
| Rickettsia sp. | South Korea-native | 0/ 15 | PCR | [82] | |
| Bartonella spp. | Bartonella sp. | Japan-native | 0/171 | PCR | [69] |
| B. henselae | South Korea-native | 2/142 (1.5%) | PCR | [22] | |
| B. rochalimae | Japan-native | 44/619 (7.1%) | PCR | [88] | |
| Anaplasma spp. | A. phagocytophilum | Germany-introduced | 3/13 (23.2%) | PCR | [89] |
| Anaplasma sp. | Austria-introduced | 0/8 | PCR | [28] | |
| Anaplasma sp. | Czech Republic-introduced | 0/7 | PCR | [6] | |
| A. bovis | South Korea-native | 1/15 (6.6%) | PCR | [82] | |
| A. phagocytophilum | Poland-introduced | 0/10 (30%) | PCR | [74] | |
|
A. phagocytophilum A. bovis |
South Korea-native |
2/193 (1%) 4/193 (2.1%) |
PCR | [22] | |
| A. phagocytophilum | Poland-introduced | 24/68 (35.3%) | PCR | [90] | |
| Ehrlichia spp. | Ehrlichia sp. | South Korea-native | 0/15 | PCR | [82] |
| E. canis | Austria-introduced | 0/8 | PCR | [28] | |
| Ehrlichia sp. | Czech Republic-introduced | 0/7 | PCR | [6] | |
| Candidatus Neoehrlichia spp. | Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. | Austria-introduced | 0/8 | PCR | [28] |
| Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. | Czech Republic-introduced | 0/7 | PCR | [6] | |
| Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) | Poland-introduced | 3/10 (30%) | PCR | [74] |
Prevalence and diagnostic test are included for each reference
IFAT, indirect fluorescent antibody test, PCR, polymerase chain reaction
aB. microti-like name was used for all sequences belonging to B. microti group and reported by authors as B. cf. microti