Table 2.
Quantitative Measures of Reading and Language by Reading Group.
| Quantitative measure | DD (n = 323) |
IR (n = 259) |
SR (n = 92) |
F-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WRAT-3-R | 77.0 ± 8.5 | 93.7 ± 6.6 | 109.5 ± 7.3 | F(2, 257.6) = 737.6 | <1.0 × 10−10 |
| WRMT-R-WA | 74.9 ± 9.8 | 90.5 ± 6.3 | 105.7 ± 7.9 | F(2, 249.3) = 532.8 | <1.0 × 10−10 |
| WRMT-R-ID | 73.8 ± 10.5 | 92.2 ± 6.2 | 108.3 ± 8.2 | F(2, 246.9) = 616.9 | <1.0 × 10−10 |
| CELF-3-EL | 85.9 ± 13.2 | 95.3 ± 12.8 | 102.7 ± 12.8 | F(2, 662) = 73.8 | <1.0 × 10−10 |
| CELF-3-RL | 88.9 ± 13.8 | 96.1 ± 13.7 | 105.4 ± 13.9 | F(2, 664) = 55.1 | <1.0 × 10−10 |
Note. Standard score mean and standard deviation given for each reading group. All groups contributed to significance in test. DD = developmental dyslexia; IR = intermediate readers; SR = skilled readers; WRAT-3-R = Reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test–Third Edition; WRMT-R = Woodcock Reading Mastery Test–Revised; WA = word attack; ID = word identification; CELF-3= Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Third Edition; EL = Expressive Language subtest. RL = Receptive Language subtest.