Table 4.
Quantitative Measures of Reading and Language by ELD Group.
| Three words together in a phrase | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative measure | <2 years (n = 396) |
2–2.5 years (n = 171) |
2.5–3 years (n = 63) |
>3 years (n = 20) |
F-value | p-value |
| WRAT-3-R | 89.4 ± 14.2 | 87.3 ± 13.4 | 83.4 ± 10.1 | 77.1 ± 12.4 | F(3,78.3) = 10.3 | 8.77 × 10−6 |
| WRMT-R-WA | 86.1 ± 14.1 | 84.7 ± 13.2 | 82.0 ± 12.1 | 73.9 ± 14.5 | F (3, 643) = 6.3 | 3.0 × 10−4 |
| WRMT-R-ID | 86.6 ± 15.6 | 85.3 ± 15.3 | 82.3 ± 12.6 | 77.2 ± 13.3 | F (3, 643) = 3.6 | .01 |
| CELF-3-EL | 93.9 ± 13.7 | 90.1 ± 14.0 | 87.5 ± 14.9 | 80.1 ± 14.6 | F (3, 638) = 10.5 | 9.86 × 10−7 |
| CELF-3-RL | 95.5 ± 14.1 | 92.3 ± 15.4 | 91.8 ± 14.6 | 84.5 ± 16.4 | F (3, 640) = 5.4 | 1.12 × 10−3 |
Note. Standard score mean and standard deviation given for each ELD group. See Supplemental Table S2 for contributions to significance in test. ELD = early language delay; WRAT-3-R = Reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test–Third Edition; WRMT-R = Woodcock Reading Mastery Test–Revised; WA = word attack; ID = word identification; CELF-3 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Third Edition; EL = Expressive Language subtest. RL = Receptive Language subtest.