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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Nov 25;74:101531. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101531

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Parameters space for randmoized controlled trials (RCTs) TMS studies for geriatric depression. On the left the stimulation intensity and the total number of sessions are plotted for each RCT alongside the FDA approved protocol. On the right the total pulse counts for each RCT and the FDA protocol are plotted. It is striking that the vast majority of RCTs used parameters that effectively under dosed rTMS relative to the corresponding FDA-cleared protocol. Most protocols (including the FDA’s) incorporated conventional rTMS and a figure-8 coil, except for Leblhuber et al. (2019) and Kaster et al. (2018), signified by the asterisks. Leblhuber et al. (2019) varied stimulation intensity per participant and is thus not included in the parameter space graph on the left. Trevizol et al. (2019) employed two different TMS protocols, one with a total pulse count of 18,225, and another with a total pulse count of 31,500 (represented on the right with red and yellow, respectively).