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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 11.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2017 Mar 31;355(6332):1370–1371. doi: 10.1126/science.aan1466

figure. Breathing affects brain activity.

figure

The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) and locus coeruleus (LC) are located in the medulla oblongata and pons regions of the brainstem (mouse shown). A subset of neurons that express Cdh9 and Dbx1 in the preBötC form connections with LC neurons, controlling arousal state.