FIGURE 7.

(a) Dice score and number of voxels with non‐positive $\left|J_{\mathrm{\Phi }}\left(v\right)\right|$ in the obtained deformation fields of the PING validation dataset by MDReg‐Net without the spatial smoothing layer using different $\lambda$ values. The registration model with $\lambda =1.0$ was adopted for the following ablation evaluation. (b) Number of voxels with non‐positive $\left|J_{\mathrm{\Phi }}\left(v\right)\right|$ in the obtained deformation fields of the ADNI 1 dataset using MDReg‐Net without and with the spatial smoothing layer, respectively