Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of VQ proteins from wheat, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, and Hordeum vulgare constructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 7. 113 TaVQ proteins, 34 AtVQ proteins, 40 OsVQ proteins, 61 ZmVQ proteins and 37 HvVQ proteins are clustered into eight subgroups (I-VIII). Proteins from wheat, Arabidopsis, rice, maize, and barley are indicated by red stars, blue triangles, green triangles, yellow triangles, and grey triangles, respectively. Details of the VQ proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, maize, and barley are listed in Additional file 3: Table S2