Table 1.
Characteristics of people with diabetes and COVID-19 infection by combinations of medication prescription per country; United Kingdom (UK), France and Spain. Abbreviations used: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibitors (RAASi).
| UK ABCD N = 1849 |
France CORONADO N = 1219 |
Spain HM Hospitales N = 406 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither RAASi nor Statin (n = 547, 29.6%) | Statin alone (n = 669, 36.2%) | RAASi alone (n = 163, 8.8%) | RAASi and Statin (n = 470, 25.4%) | Neither RAASi nor Statin (n = 310, 25.4%) | Statin alone (n = 194, 15.9%) | RAASi alone (n = 279, 22.9%) | RAASi and Statin (n = 436, 35.8%) | Neither RAASi nor Statin (n = 203, 56.7%) | Statin alone (n = 50, 12.3%) | RAASi alone (n = 96, 23.6%) | RAASi and statin (n = 57, 14%) | |
| Age (mean, SD) years | 72 (16) | 72 (13) | 72 (14) | 71 (12) | 69.2 (15.9) | 73.3 (11.7) | 71.8 (13.3) | 71.3(10.9) | 73.5 (13.0) | 77.1 (10.3) | 74.5 (11.0) | 77.0 (9.74) |
| Men n (%) | 314 (57%) | 428 (64%) | 93 (57%) | 301 (64%) | 176 (56.8%) | 125 (64.4%) | 166 (59.5%) | 278 (63.8%) | 123 (60.6%) | 30 (60.0%) | 61 (63.5%) | 36 (63.2%) |
| Ethnicity: | ||||||||||||
| White | 421 (77%) | 428 (64%) | 117 (72%) | 320 (68%) | 181 (58.4%) | 123 (63.4%) | 164 (58.8%) | 253 (58%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Asian | 57 (10%) | 119 (18%) | 18 (11%) | 78 (17%) | 18 (5.8%) | 6 (3.1%) | 5 (1.8%) | 14 (3.2%) | ||||
| Black | 31 (6%) | 44 (7%) | 5 (3%) | 24 (5%) | 58 (18.7%) | 21 (10.8%) | 55 (19.7%) | 65 (14.9%) | ||||
| Other | 38 (7%) | 78 (11%) | 23 (14%) | 48 (10%) | 53 (17.1%) | 44 (22.7%) | 55 (19.7%) | 104 (23.9%) | ||||
| Type of diabetes | ||||||||||||
| Type 1 | 40 (7%) | 29 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 19 (4%) | 19 (6.1%) | 4 (2.1%) | 6 (2.2%) | 12 (2.8%) | 2 (0.99%) | 2 (4.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Type 2 | 507 (93%) | 640 (96%) | 154 (94%) | 451 (96%) | 291 (93.9%) | 190 (97.9%) | 273 (97.8%) | 424 (97.2%) | 201 (99.0%) | 48 (96.0%) | 96 (100%) | 57 (100%) |
| Presence of CKD | 130 (24%) | 186 (28%) | 32 (20%) | 114 (24%) | 119 (38.4%) | 100 (51.5%) | 141 (50.5%) | 212 (48.6%) | 15 (7.39%) | 13 (26.0%) | 16 (16.7%) | 7 (12.3%) |
| Presence of macrovascular disease | 184 (34%) | 260 (39%) | 69 (42%) | 218(46%) | 87 (28.1%) | 100 (51.5%) | 101 (36.2%) | 243 (55.7%) | 35 (17.2%) | 23 (46.0%) | 13 (13.5%) | 24 (42.1%) |
| Presence of hypertension | 326 (60%) | 427 (64%) | 142 (87%) | 403 (86%) | 184 (59.4%) | 146 (75.3%) | 266 (95.3%) | 409 (93.8%) | 111 (54.7%) | 33 (66.0%) | 89 (92.7%) | 53 (93.0%) |
| Death | 212 (39%) | 229 (34%) | 70 (43%) | 165 (35%) | 55 (17.7%) | 49 (25.3%) | 49 (17.6%) | 111 (25.5%) | 42 (20.7%) | 9 (18.0%) | 18 (18.8%) | 10 (17.5%) |