Table 2.
Details of included articles
| Authors | Sample size (patient number) | Surgery type | Adverse event category | Risk factors (associated with endplate) | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbushi et al. [31] | 40 (80 cages) | PLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage position, cage shape | 14 |
| Amorim-Barbosa et al. [32] | 165 (208 cages) | PLIF/TLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD, cage position | 19 |
| Aoki et al. [33] | 125 (144 levels) | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage shape, size, disc height | 17 |
| Beutler and Peppelman [20] | 104 (140 levels) | ALIF | Cage subsidence | Fusion level, cage position | 15 |
| Cho et al. [34] | 86 | PLIF | Cage subsidence, screw loosening | Osteoporosis | 19 |
| Duncan and Bailey [81] | 102 | TLIF | Cage migration | Screw fixation | 17 |
| Hu et al. [25] | 953 (1559 cages) | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage position, disc height, fusion level, multi-level fusion | 19 |
| Jin et al. [35] | 75 | TLIF | Cage migration | Advanced age | 16 |
| Jones et al. [36] | 347 (567 levels) | LLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD | 21 |
| Kim et al. [37] | 104 (122 cages) | MITLIF | Cage subsidence | Fusion level, cage position | 15 |
| Kimura et al. [38] | 1070 (1433 cages) | PLIF | Cage retropulsion | Fusion level, multi-level fusion, disc height, endplate shape | 14 |
| Konomi et al. [39] | 78 (88 levels) | PLIF | Non-union | Advanced age | 14 |
| Le et al. [40] | 140 (238 levels) | XLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage size | 16 |
| Lee et al. [41] | 744 (1229 levels) | PLIF/TLIF | Cage retropulsion | Endplate shape, loosening of fixation | 16 |
| Li et al. [42] | 286 | PLIF/TLIF | Cage migration | Cage size, spondylolisthesis | 14 |
| Liu et al. [43] | 215 | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage shape, screw fixation | 18 |
| Marchi et al. [44] | 74 (98 levels) | LLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage size | 18 |
| Mi et al. [45] | 242 | TLIF | Cage subsidence | Hounsfield units (BMD) | 16 |
| Okuyama et al. [46] | 52 | PLIF | Non-union | BMD | 14 |
| Pan et al. [47] | 8 | PLIF/TLIF | Cage retropulsion | Cage shape, fusion level | 13 |
| Park et al. [48] | 784 (881 levels) | TLIF | Cage migration, subsidence, retropulsion | Osteoporosis, endplate shape, cage position | 20 |
| Singhatanadgige et al. [49] | 114 (135 levels) | MITLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage position | 18 |
| Tempel et al. [50] | 80 | LLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD | 14 |
| Tohmeh et al. [51] | 140 (223 levels) | XLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage size | 21 |
| Xi et al. [52] | 68 | LLIF | Cage subsidence | Hounsfield units (BMD) | 21 |
| Yao et al. [53] | 96 (126 levels) | MITLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD, disc height | 20 |
| Zhao et al. [54] | 512 | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage size, shape, multi-level fusion | 11 |
| Zhou et al. [55] | 145 | TLIF | Cage subsidence | Irregular endplate shape | 19 |
| Zhou et al. [56] | 121 (176 levels) | TLIF | Cage retropulsion | Irregular endplate shape, cage position | 19 |
Surgery types in this table including anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), and extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF)