Table 2.
Reference distributions of creatinine and urea acquired by direct and two indirect sampling techniques
| Age Group | n | Median | Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | ||||||
| 1 to < 6 years | ||||||
| Transferred PRINCE | 3167 | 29.2 | 28.9 | 5.6 | 0.10 | -0.33 |
| GMM Partitioned LIS | 33,692 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 5.7 | -0.00 | -0.01 |
| SOM Partitioned LIS | 10,854 | 28.2 | 28.2 | 5.5 | 0.54 | 1.88 |
| 6 to < 12 years | ||||||
| Transferred PRINCE | 4469 | 40.4 | 40.6 | 5.6 | 0.23 | -0.28 |
| GMM Partitioned LIS | 26,400 | 41.9 | 41.9 | 7.0 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| SOM Partitioned LIS | 6168 | 41.1 | 42.0 | 8.6 | 1.13 | 2.92 |
| 12 to < 17 years boys | ||||||
| Transferred PRINCE | 1455 | 60.1 | 60.8 | 12.7 | 0.37 | -0.36 |
| GMM Partitioned LIS | 3826 | 59.4 | 59.3 | 10.0 | 0.01 | -0.02 |
| SOM Partitioned LIS | 2819 | 60.4 | 61.5 | 11.7 | 0.57 | 0.62 |
| 12 to < 17 years girls | ||||||
| Transferred PRINCE | 1594 | 51.6 | 52.2 | 8.3 | 0.08 | -0.30 |
| GMM Partitioned LIS | 3698 | 52.1 | 52.0 | 9.0 | -0.01 | -0.01 |
| SOM Partitioned LIS | 2569 | 56.8 | 58.5 | 7.8 | 1.31 | 2.67 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | ||||||
| 1 to < 17 years | ||||||
| Transferred PRINCE | 10,663 | 4.25 | 4.33 | 0.99 | 0.43 | -0.06 |
| GMM Partitioned LIS | 75,489 | 4.31 | 4.30 | 0.90 | -0.01 | -0.01 |
| SOM Partitioned LIS | 26,513 | 4.25 | 4.27 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 2.19 |
PRINCE Pediatric Reference Intervals in China, LIS Laboratory Information System, GMM Gaussian Mixture Model, SOM Self-Organizing Map, SD standard deviation