Table 1.

Gut microbiota depletion studies on osteoporosis.

Subject	Study design	Outcome	Citation
antibiotic induced-gut microbiota depletion and osteoporosis
SCD mice	Compared conventionalized mice with and without antibiotic treatment	Antibiotic significantly improved decreased bone mass and impaired intestinal barrier	(65)
C57BL/6 mice	Compared conventionalized mice with and without antibiotic treatment	Increased BMD at 3 weeks but not at 7 weeks and Increased body fat but no change in weight with antibiotic treatment	(66)
C57BL/6 mice	Compared conventionalized mice with and without antibiotic treatment	Early-life antibiota treatment accelerates total mass and bone growth	(67)
C57BL/6 mice	Compared conventionalized mice with and without antibiotic treatment	Bone mineral density is increased in early-life growth with antibiota treatment	(68)
TLR5KO and WT (C57Bl/6) mice	Compared conventionalized mice with and without antibiotic treatment	antibiota treatment in the gut microbiota for extended periods during growth may lead to impaired whole-bone mechanical properties	(69)
Gree-free induced-gut microbiota depletion and osteoporosis
BALB/c mice	Compared GF and conventionalized mice	germ-free (GF) mice with conventional specific pathogen-free (SPF) gut microbiota increases both bone formation and resorption	(41)
BALB/c mice	Compared GF and conventionalized mice	presence of microbiota led to Increased BMD, BVF, femur length and Increased body weight, body length	(78)
C57BL/6 mice	Compared GF and mice undergoing low-dose penicillin (LDP) treatment	Increased BMD, BMC in female mice and decreased BMC in male mice	(68)
C57BL/6 mice	Compared GF and conventionalized mice	Presence of microbiota led to decreased BMD	(27)
GF Swiss Webster and GF C57BL/6 mice	Compared GF and conventionalized mice	successful colonization of GF mice with gut microbiota of either mouse or human origin, bone mass did not change significantly in any of the groups tested.	(79)