Table 2.

Total Intracranial volume, Striatal volume and serum glutamate level of the Participants

Variables	PSU (n = 20)	TDC (n = 68)	F
Total Intracranial Volume, cm3	1515.41 ± 148.14	1575.64 ± 150.39	0.15
Left Caudate, mm3	3508.67 ± 370.39	3853.36 ± 449.23	6.18*
Left Putamen, mm3	5152.70 ± 647.95	5535.87 ± 623.92	0.72
Left Nucleus Accumbens, mm3	535.39 ± 67.31	579.11 ± 99.12	0.92
Right Caudate, mm3	3570.91 ± 473.12	3910.64 ± 473.12	4.43*
Right Putamen, mm3	5338.99 ± 600.72	5696.36 ± 617.25	0.64
Right Nucleus Accumbens, mm3	564.04 ± 82.12	611.28 ± 81.85	2.51
Serum Glutamate, mg/dl	27.23 ± 4.35	26.95 ± 6.22	0.69

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

PSU, Problematic Smartphone Use; TDC, Typically Developing Children.