Persistent and/or recurrent dysfunctional buying/shopping-related
behaviors, thoughts and related phenomena, as indicated by the
following characteristics:
Intrusive and/or irresistible urges and/or impulses and/or
cravings and/or preoccupations for buying/shopping as
evidenced by:
Repetitive impulses to buy/shop Strong desire or irresistible urge to engage in
buying/shopping activities Preoccupations with buying/shopping Craving for the high or for relief while
buying/shopping Repetitive intrusive thoughts about
buying/shopping
Diminished control over buying/shopping as evidenced
by:
Buying many more things or spending more than
necessarily needed/intended Purchasing many more things than can be
afforded Spending much more time buying/shopping than
intended Repeated unsuccessful efforts to reduce or
control buying/shopping activities Repeated unsuccessful efforts to stop thinking
about buying/shopping Buying/shopping something “on the spur of the
moment”
Excessive purchasing of items without utilizing them for
their intended purposes Use of buying/shopping to regulate internal states,
e.g.,
Generate or chase positive mood (e.g., pleasure,
excitement, “high” while buying/shopping) Relieve negative mood (e.g., nervousness,
tension, negative feelings and thoughts,
discomfort, boredom)
Persistent and recurrent dysfunctional buying/shopping
symptoms result in negative consequences and impairment in
important areas of functioning, e.g.,
Impairment in social life (e.g., familial
discord, jeopardizing relationships) Clinically significant distress Negative feelings (e.g., shame, guilt,
embarrassment, regret) Financial difficulties including indebtedness and
bankruptcy Loss of interest or impairment in other important
areas of functioning, e.g. everyday activities and
hobbies, daily responsibilities Lying to others about buying/shopping (e.g.,
buying/shopping in secret, hiding bought
things) Impairment in occupational functioning (e.g.,
risking career opportunities)
Reduction or cessation of excessive buying/shopping
results in
Negative emotional states (e.g., anxiety,
restlessness, agitation, impatience, sadness,
irritability, dysphoria, uncertainty, insecurity,
anger, sustained tension) and/or Cognitive symptoms (e.g., worries, rumination,
distractibility, cognitive constriction on
buying/shopping)
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