Table 2.

FES specific innovations and their relation to FES categories, governance innovation type, and focus.

Q5	Specific innovations offered for selection	Short name	Example provided in the Survey	Main FES categories addressed	Governance mechanism	Focus of innovation
Q5_1	New ecosystem service	New ES	e.g., a burial forest was newly established	Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural	Hierarchy, Market, Hybrid	Product, Service
Q5_2	New technology for biomass production	Technology biomass	e.g., usage of harvester instead of chainsaws or using satellite imagery for identifying logging sites	Provisioning	Market	Process
Q5_3	New technology for other ecosystem services	Technology other ES	e.g., a new technology for extracting resin	(mostly) Provisioning	Market	Process
Q5_4	New way to generate value from ecosystem services	Value from ES	e.g., organizing auctions for high-quality timber or water protection	Provisioning, Regulating	Market	Process, Service
Q5_5	Change of forest management to improve / sustain biomass production	FM for biomass	e.g., new thinning measures for increased wood increment or for increased resilience	Provisioning, Regulating	Market	Process
Q5_6	Change of forest management to provide other ecosystem services	FM other ES	e.g., new thinning measures for growth of mushrooms or support nature tourism	Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural	Market	Process
Q5_7	New communication or marketing strategy implemented	New communication	e.g., a website or a hired branding professional	Any	Market	Process
Q5_8	New users of ecosystem service(s)	New users	e.g., children or urban citizens	Any	Network, Hybrid	Process
Q5_9	New trans-sectoral contract created	New contract	e.g., a new agreement with conservation groups or eco-tourism enterprises	Regulating, Cultural	Network, Hybrid	Process
Q5_10	New transboundary cooperation created	New cooperation	e.g., a sustainable tourism project across country borders	Regulating, Cultural	Market, Network, Hybrid	Process, Product, Service