Table 1.

Ethogram describing behaviors during the social preference test. Recipient calf (‘more familiar’ or ‘less familiar’ test calf) was noted for all behaviors.

Behavior	Description
Latency to approach	Time taken for focal calf to be within one body length of either stimulus calf, with the identity of first approached calf also noted.
Side of the arena	The side that the focal calf is on, based on the focal calf being on the left or right side of the arena; with each side noted as ‘more familiar’ or ‘less familiar’ side.
Attention directed	The focal calf’s head is directed toward a stimulus calf.
Contact	The focal calf makes direct contact with either their nose or mouth with a stimulus calf.
Close proximity	The focal calf is within one body length of a stimulus calf, but not physically touching the stimulus calf.
Far proximity	The focal calf is within two body lengths, and greater than one body length, of a stimulus calf.