Figure 2.

(A) Schematization and function of the limbic system in subcortical areas of the brain. Sagittal view of a dog’s brain (midline) indicating the main sub-cortical structures that mediate emotions. (B) Panksepp’s circumplex of emotions. The limbic system generates emotions that signal potential increases or decreases in biological fitness. Well-being is best achieved when animals experience emotions that move the vector towards the right quadrants. During the appetitive phase the vector moves to the right-upper quadrant (wanting), then during the consummatory phase the vector moves to the right-lower quadrant (liking). Emotions that move the vector away from the left side may be experienced as positive as well.